Macromolecules_Result_Record (1)
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Feb 20, 2024
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Record Results for Macromolecules Lab
Sample
Monosaccharide
(Benedict’s Test)
Starch (IKI Test)
Protein (Biuret
Test)
Lipid (Sudan IV
Test)
Positive Control
*Glucose did not
react successfully; a
positive result
would have shown
a dark red color*
Starch: Reacted strongly
with the IKI reagent,
became a bluish
black. Egg White: This solution
became a dark
violet shade,
showing that a
protein-rich
solution should
display a strong
purple hue
Canola/Salad Oil:
The red reagent separated to the top layer of the liquid, clearly displaying the top layer of lipids and a positive result. Negative Control
Water:
A light blue
solution,
transparent in
appearance, shows
a clear negative
result. Water: Became slightly
yellow but no
darkening was seen.
A solution without
starch should
remain light
possibly with a
yellow tint. Water: The water remained
light blue, showing
a solution with a
lack of protein will
not become darker
or become purple. Water:
The reagent remained distributed throughout the solution, displaying a clear negative result. Unknown 1
Unknown 1: Mild positive, bright
green appearance.
Unknown 1: Did not react, looks
identical to the
Unknown 1: Became a greyish
color with no blue
Unknown Solution
1
: (Theory is white
vinegar) shows a
This shows there
are more than
traces of reducing
sugars but there are
not “moderate”
results. negative control. or purple hues. Has
been interpreted as
negative and the
color is believed to
be because of the
initial color of the
unknown solution. negative result with
the same
distribution as the
control negative
test. This shows this
unknown is not lipid
heavy. Unknown 2
Unknown 2: Slightly opaque dark
green, traces of
reducing sugars
present. Unknown 2: Became dark,
almost purple color.
Shows there is
starch present but
not as much as the
positive control. Unknown 2: Became a dark
purple color
showing a positive
result. Unknown 2:
Negative as well,
showing a
consistent
distribution of the
reagent throughout
the solution. Unknown 3
Unknown 3: Milky white and
opaque, a small
amount of blue
present due to the
reagent. Unknown 3: Did not react,
remained light in
color with no color
shift other than the
slight yellows
shown in the other
negative results. Unknown 3: Due to the milky
color of the original
solution, the
reagent has turned
the solution to a
light purple color.
This is interpreted
as a positive result. Unknown 3
: Has become a light
pink color, mixing
the milky
appearance of the
unknown and the
reagent has
distributed evenly
throughout the
solution. Answer the following questions based on your results:
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Related Questions
Choose the correct description for the Biomolecule Test demonstrated in the figure.
reagent
త
The polysaccharide starch is tested using Lugol's lodine
The protein is tested using Biuret Reagent.
The protein is tested using Lugol's lodine
The polysaccharide starch is tested using Biuret Reagent
O O O
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Two dimensional electrophoresis separates proteins according to their isoelectric
focusing and mass.
True
False
arrow_forward
Topic: Determination of Protein Concentration by Spectrophotometry: The Standard Curve
The use of Beer-Lambert’s law to estimate the concentration of protein samples is limited only to dilute solutions. Explain why
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The reults for the macroscopic part:
0.30M glycerin – solution was translucent (could see text behind the test tube)
0.15M NaCl – solution was opaque (could not see text behind the test tube)
0.30M NaCl – solution was opaque (could not see text behind the test tube)
0.15M glucose – solution was translucent (could see text behind the test tube)
0.30M glucose – solution was opaque (could not see text behind the test tube)
0.30M Urea – solution was translucent (could see text behind the test tube)
Results for microscopic part:
0.30M glycerin – no cells present
0.15M NaCl – normal sized cells
0.30M NaCl – crenated (shrunken and star-shaped) cells
0.15M glucose – no cells present
0.30M glucose – normal sized cells
0.30M Urea – no cells present
Determine the osmolarity (hypoosmotic, isosmotic, or hyperosmotic) and tonicity (hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic) of the following solutions.In which solutions did the osmolarity NOT match the tonicity? For those solutions, why did the osmolarity…
arrow_forward
Multiple choice
Which compound will yield a positive result with Salkowski test? (Picture 1)
A, B, C, D
In the emulsification of fats, which species is water soluble? (Picture 2)
A, B, C, D
In the emulsification of fats, which species is hydrophobic? (Picture 2)
A, B, C, D
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Ninhydrin Test
Reagent’s Composition
Observations:
Inferences:
What is the principle behind this test?
Can ninhydrin test distinguish amino acids and proteins? Can this test be used to detect the presence of proteins in a sample? Elaborate your answers.
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COLOR REACTIONS OF PROTEINS AND AMINO ACIDS
answer this please asap
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Experiment No. 2
AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS
Data
Solubility in water
Sample
Solubility (Soluble, Partially Soluble, Insoluble)
Color with red litmus paper
Color with blue litmus paper
Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
alanine
glutamic acid
arginine
albumin
Color Reactions of Amino Acids
Ninhydrin Test
Color of Ninhydrin solution: ___________________________________
Sample
Color original solution
Color with Ninhydrin
Color after 10 min.
alanine
glycine
glutamic acid
tyrosine
albumin
Biuret Test
Color of 3% CuSO4 solution: _____________________________________
Sample
Color of original solution
Color after NaOH/CuSO4
casein
alanine
albumin
gelatin
distilled water
Molisch Test
Color of…
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Total Protein Determination Spectroscopy Values CREATE CALIBRATION CURVE?
DRAWN CONCENTRATION AND ABSORPTION CURVE
arrow_forward
The concentration of protein in a solution can be determined via UV spectroscopy and
colorimetry* techniques. Explain further on the statement, give examples of the techniques
(please provide three examples for the colorimetry), general principles/mechanism, and
general procedures of the techniques. You may use a Table to present the answer.
If you need to choose a technique to measure your protein sample, what would be your
choice? Justify your answer.
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true/ false: When proteins are denatured 1°, 2°, 3°, and 4° structure is lost.
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Using my chart can you help me with this question. The tests we used were qualitative; they allowed us to determine if a biological molecule was present or absent. In contrast, what type of information would a quantitative test provide?
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Report Sheet: Proteins (page 3)
What kind of protein is casein?
Name:
POST-LABORATORY QUESTIONS:
What is the isoelectric point of casein?
What is acid in our sour milk? How is it produced?
What type of chemical grouping is present in all proteins?
How many of these chemical groupings must be present in a molecule to give a positive Biuret test?
Give the principle involved and the chemical structure responsible for the positive Biuret Test?
Can you distinguish proteins and other amino compounds by the Ninhydrin test? Explain.
30 | Biochemistry
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An unknown sample was tested if there is a presence of lipid, after the test it shows that it is positive for translucent test, soluble with chloroform, produced a pungent odor in acrolein test, produced a red color for Baudouin Test, and the violet color disappeared in Huble’s Test. What is the sample?
Group of answer choices
A lipid that is saturated, contain glycerol, and sesame oil
A lipid that is saturated, doesn’t contain glycerol, and sesame oil
A lipid that is unsaturated, doesn’t contain glycerol, and sesame oil
A lipid that is unsaturated, contain glycerol, and sesame oil
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Table 4- Determination of the optimum pH of catechol oxidase enzyme
Potato
extract
(mL)
Tube #
2d
3d
4d
5d
6d
7d
dH₂O
(mL)
0
0
0
0
0
0
Catechol
(mL)
6
6
6
6
6
6
pH buffer
added
4mL pH 2
4mL pH 4
4mL pH 6
4mL pH 7
4mL pH 8
4mL pH 10
1
1
1
1
1
1
Absorbance
(0 mins)
A: 0.010
Start Time: 3:24
A: 0.008
Start Time: 3:34
A: 0.023
Start Time: 3:36
A:
-0.006
Start Time: 3:36
0.018
A:
Start Time: 3:36
A:
0.011
Start Time: 3:36
Absorbance
(after 10 mins in 40°C
water bath)
-0.030
A:
Take reading at: 3:44
A: 0.154
Take reading at: 3:46
A: 0-105
Take reading at: 3:46
A:
0-132
Take reading at: 3:46
A: 0.074
Take reading at: 3:46
A: 0.018
Take reading at: 3!46
Q15) What is the enzyme's optimum pH(s)? Answer:
Q16) Use the difference between 2nd and 1st absorbance to support your conclusion for the optimum pH.
Subtract Omin
from 10min
absorbance
-0.04
0.0012
0.082
0.138
0.056
0.007
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There are two proteins in a pH 7 buffer, what you know is: one has a lot of Asp and Glu, the other one has a
lot of Lys, Arg and His. Below which approach will get the two proteins separated?
gel filtration chromatography
ultracentrifugation
salting out
ion exchange chromatography
affinity chromatography
arrow_forward
Consider a mixture comprised of the proteins below:
Protein that will most strongly bind to an anion exchange column is?
Protein that will elute first in gel filtration chromatography is?
Protein that will elute last in hydrophobic interaction chromatography is?
Protein that will elute last in carbohydrate containing column is ?
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Purpose: what is the concentration of the menown Solution?
Hypothesis: None.
Method: Use the transport Activity - dry run to get the method
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
(measuring)
(changing)
Different molarinies
of sucrose
Procedure: "as given"
Data Table:
Molarity in
bag
0 (H₂0)
0.2 M Sucrose
0.4 M Sucrose
0.6 M Sucrose
0.8 M Sucrose
1.0 M Sucrose
Unknown
90
38
40
initial
mass (g)
20
10
10
10
10
Calculated
channe
final
mass (g)
10.3
11.2
14.8
10.5
17.2
12.8
.2
Controlled Variables (same)
Dialysis tubing,
+ time.
(final mass-initial mass)
initial mass
.4
X 100
water
% change
my group
Analysis
1. Calculate the percent change in mass for your solutions. Use the workspace in the data table for help.
2. Graph your data & the class average data. Label the independent (x axis) and dependent variable (y axis). Include a
title. After plotting both sets of data one best fit STRAIGHT line.
100
Control
The tube filled
with water
D
% change
class average
4
.8
46
68
30
1.0
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Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates
HELP
Select the test:
Glucose, lactose and sucrose are soluble in water,
Solubility test
whereas starch is insoluble in water.
Water
Reset
Glucose
Lactose
Sucrose
Starch
A,
arrow_forward
Choose the FALSE statement about protein electrophoresis.
The proteins in the gel can be visualized by staining them with silver.
The distance and speed that a protein moves depend on its shape.
Small proteins move rapidly through the gel.
It is performed in a thin, horizontal slab of polyacrylamide.
The gel serves as a molecular sieve that enhances separation.
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During SDS-PAGE, the charge on glycine in the separating gel is ____________ while the charge on the protein is _________.
negative; positive
negative; negative
neutral; negative
neutral; positive
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Under what pH conditions can a protein not bind to the beads in a column?
pH = -pKa
pH = pI
pH = 7
pH = pKa
In size exclusion/gel filtration chromatography, the elution order is dependent upon
Molecular weight
Concentration
Overall Charge
Enzymatic Activity
arrow_forward
topic: Determination of Protein Concentration by Spectrophotometry
Enumerate and discuss the limitations of Beer-Lambert’s Law.
arrow_forward
Can you please do number 1 and show the steps
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Analysis of a protein is taking place. The enzymic acivity of this protein is stable up to temperatures of 40 degrees celsius. ph values are between 2.5 and 11.5. Now, Ion exchange chromatography is conducted via a software using DEAE-cellulose and method of elution is done by salt gradient. pH is set to 7. In terms of Molar, start of gradient is 0 and end of gradient is 1. The following graph is generated. Using the graph and analytical methods, determine pI of protein.
arrow_forward
Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates
HELP
Iodine reacts with starch to form a starch/iodine complex,
which gives a characteristic blue colour to the reaction mixture.
Glucose, lactose and sucrose do not give this reaction.
Select the test:
Iodine test
A
Iodine
Solution
Reset
Glucose
Lactose
Sucrose
Starch
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Qualitative Analysis of Oils and Fats
Enter your observations in each test for each sample, and indicate if it is a positive or a negative result below the table of the corresponding test.
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I ASKED FOR HANDWRITTEN EXPLANATION PLEASE PROVIDE HANDWRITTEN SOLUTION. I'M ASKING AGAIN.
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Please draw a sketch that shows the location of each type of molecule (glucose, starch, iodine) at the start of the glucose, starch, and iodine experiment? The drawing does not have to be specific but please include labels.
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How will you make a series of two-fold dilutions of a protein solution to give 5
different concentrations? The initial concentration of the protein solution is 70ng/μl
and the final volume needed (for an experiment) is 10 µl for each dilution.
arrow_forward
Which classes of biomolecules would be best separated using normal phase chromatography? Why? steroids mono- and disaccharides flavonoids5.
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Please draw the figure with all the figure's visas by hand
Note: The drawing should look like a student drawing and not an expert drawing, please make the marking on the drawing complete and in a clear line away from mixing words
Note: Please, please, draw by hand only. I do not want any drawing or electronic image of the figure
arrow_forward
If the following lipids are present: phosphatidylserine / phosphatidylcholine / sphingomyelin / triacylglycerol / and cholesterol ester are mixed and the mixture is separated by column technique. chromatography with silica gel in the column and then start Leach with a less polar solvent. The drought gradually increases the polarity of the less polar solvent. and gradually increasing the polarity of the solvent How are the lipids in the mixture in order to emerge from the column? along with explaining the reasons ..
arrow_forward
In quantitative determination of protein using spectrophotometer how can I plot the absorbance vs wavelength for the proteins given the transmittance values?
arrow_forward
1
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